Whenever I take on a new client whether it is with regard to a personal situation, a problem with their pet, or an issue with a child, the first task I ask of them is to tell me what the ideal state looks like. This is the same process I used when I worked with business process re-engineering, it was the same process I used for instructional design, and it was the approach I took with performance improvement. It is the way all things are created - first in the mind, often then on paper and finally for real. In cases where we are dealing with behaviour, there are generally only two phases - the expectation and the realisation.